- Increases with advancing age
- Tear enlargement, fatty infiltration of the muscles, degenerative changes in the glenohumeral joint
- For irreparable tears, treatments range in complexity from simple joint debridement to reverse shoulder replacement
- Joint preserving : Subacromial decompression, tuberoplasty, and biceps tenotomy/tenodesis
- Isolated arthroscopic biceps tenotomy or tenodesis improves symptoms in patients with massive irreparable rotator cuff tears
- Latissimus dorsi tendon transfer : Not all patients are able to adequately control the muscle in that construct
- Lower trapezius transfer to reconstruct massive irreparable posterior-superior rotator cuff tear
- Pectoralis major transfer for the treatment of irreparable subscapularis tears
- Arthroscopic Superior Capsule Reconstruction Pseudoparalysis in Patients With Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears
- reverse shoulder replacement delivers the most predictable outcomes.
