- Injuries to the medial collateral ligament (MCL)—most common ligamentous injury of the knee
- Mechanism – valgus knee loading, external rotation, or both
- Valgus stress test at both 0° and 30° of knee flexion – increased medial joint opening and diminished endpoint
- MRI can assess the integrity, severity and location
- Non operative management for grade I and II
- Complete MCL injury – nonoperative management may be inadequate
- Single- and double-bundle anatomic and nonanatomic reconstructions with varying graft options and fixation methods
