- Caused by contracture of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle
- Result of intrauterine compartment syndrome of SCM muscle
- Associated with DDH (5 – 20% association) metatarsus adductus, plagiocephaly, congenital atlanto-occipital abnormalities
- Head tilt towards the affected side with chin rotation away from the affected side
- Treatment starts with Passive stretching
- Operative- Failed response to at least 1 year of stretching, Significant deformity
- SCM release or Z lengthening
